Material Density ChartThe Complete Reference for Engineering & Design

Essential density values for metals, woods, plastics, liquids, and construction materials. Instantly convert between Metric (kg/m³, g/cm³) and Imperial (lb/ft³, lb/in³) units.

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Material Density Chart

Metric Units (kg/m³, g/cm³) • A4

Material	State	kg/m³	g/cm³	SG
Aluminum, 6061	Solid	2,700	2.70	2.70
Brass, Yellow	Solid	8,470	8.47	8.47
Bronze, Commercial	Solid	8,800	8.80	8.80
Cast Iron, Gray	Solid	7,150	7.15	7.15
Copper, Pure	Solid	8,960	8.96	8.96
Gold, Pure	Solid	19,320	19.32	19.32
Lead	Solid	11,340	11.34	11.34
Magnesium	Solid	1,740	1.74	1.74
Nickel	Solid	8,900	8.90	8.90
Platinum	Solid	21,450	21.45	21.45
Silver	Solid	10,490	10.49	10.49
Steel, Mild	Solid	7,850	7.85	7.85
Steel, Stainless 304	Solid	8,000	8.00	8.00
Titanium	Solid	4,500	4.50	4.50
Tungsten	Solid	19,250	19.25	19.25
Zinc	Solid	7,140	7.14	7.14
Ash, White	Solid	670	0.67	0.67
Balsa	Solid	160	0.16	0.16
Bamboo	Solid	350	0.35	0.35
Birch, Yellow	Solid	690	0.69	0.69
Cedar, Western Red	Solid	380	0.38	0.38
Cherry, Black	Solid	560	0.56	0.56
Ebony	Solid	1,050	1.05	1.05
Fir, Douglas	Solid	530	0.53	0.53
Hickory	Solid	820	0.82	0.82
Mahogany, African	Solid	530	0.53	0.53
Maple, Hard	Solid	705	0.70	0.70
Oak, Red	Solid	700	0.70	0.70
Oak, White	Solid	755	0.76	0.76
Pine, White	Solid	420	0.42	0.42
Pine, Yellow	Solid	640	0.64	0.64
Poplar	Solid	450	0.45	0.45
Teak	Solid	655	0.66	0.66
Walnut, Black	Solid	610	0.61	0.61
MDF	Solid	750	0.75	0.75
Plywood	Solid	600	0.60	0.60
ABS	Solid	1,070	1.07	1.07
Acrylic (PMMA)	Solid	1,180	1.18	1.18
Nylon 6	Solid	1,150	1.15	1.15
Polycarbonate	Solid	1,200	1.20	1.20
Polyethylene (HDPE)	Solid	950	0.95	0.95
Polypropylene (PP)	Solid	900	0.90	0.90
Polystyrene (PS)	Solid	1,050	1.05	1.05
PVC	Solid	1,380	1.38	1.38
Teflon (PTFE)	Solid	2,200	2.20	2.20
Water, Fresh	Liquid	1,000	1.00	1.00
Water, Sea	Liquid	1,025	1.02	1.02
Acetone	Liquid	790	0.79	0.79
Alcohol, Ethanol	Liquid	789	0.79	0.79
Gasoline	Liquid	720	0.72	0.72
Glycerin	Liquid	1,260	1.26	1.26
Mercury	Liquid	13,534	13.53	13.53
Milk	Liquid	1,030	1.03	1.03
Oil, Crude	Liquid	870	0.87	0.87
Oil, Vegetable	Liquid	920	0.92	0.92
Brick, Common	Solid	1,920	1.92	1.92
Cement	Solid	1,500	1.50	1.50
Clay, Dry	Solid	1,600	1.60	1.60
Concrete	Solid	2,400	2.40	2.40
Glass, Window	Solid	2,580	2.58	2.58
Granite	Solid	2,690	2.69	2.69
Gravel, Loose	Solid	1,520	1.52	1.52
Marble	Solid	2,700	2.70	2.70
Sand, Dry	Solid	1,600	1.60	1.60
Sand, Wet	Solid	1,920	1.92	1.92

Note: Values are approximate and can vary by alloy, moisture content, or temperature (std 20°C).

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Materials

How to Use This Density Chart

Accurate material properties for engineering calculations, weight estimation, and material selection.

Select Material Category

Filter the chart to show only relevant materials like Metals, Woods, or Plastics to find what you need faster.

Choose Your Units

Toggle between Metric (kg/m³, g/cm³) and Imperial (lb/ft³, lb/in³) systems, or view both side-by-side for easy conversion.

Check Specific Gravity

Use the Specific Gravity (SG) column to quickly compare density relative to water (SG = 1.0). Useful for buoyancy calculations.

Common Applications

Practical uses for density data in various industries.

🏗️

Structural Engineering

Calculate dead loads for beams and supports. Essential for estimating the weight of steel, concrete, and timber structures.

•Load calculations
•Material selection
•Weight estimation

🚢

Marine & Buoyancy

Determine if materials will float or sink. Compare Specific Gravity (SG) to water (1.0) for boat building and underwater applications.

•Buoyancy checks
•Hull material selection
•Ballast calculations

📦

Logistics & Shipping

Estimate shipping weights for raw materials. Convert volume to weight for freight calculations and storage planning.

•Freight weight estimation
•Storage capacity
•Packaging design

Understanding Density Units

kg/m³

Kilograms per Cubic Meter (SI)

The standard SI unit for density. It represents the mass in kilograms of one cubic meter of the material. Water has a density of approximately 1000 kg/m³.

lb/ft³

Pounds per Cubic Foot (Imperial)

Common in the US for construction and engineering. It represents the weight in pounds of a 1x1x1 foot cube. Water is approximately 62.4 lb/ft³.

Specific Gravity (Relative Density)

A unitless ratio of a material's density to the density of water. SG > 1 means the material sinks in water; SG < 1 means it floats. Numerically equal to density in g/cm³.

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Pounds → KgWeight preset

Lbs	Kg
1	0.45
2	0.91
5	2.27
10	4.54
20	9.07
50	22.68
100	45.36
150	68.04
200	90.72
220	99.79

Pounds to Kg

Weight conversion for fitness tracking, luggage limits, and shipping.

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Inches → MMWorkshop preset

Inches (fraction)	Inches (decimal)	Millimeters	Centimeters
1/4"	0.250	6.35	0.64
1/2"	0.500	12.70	1.27
1"	1.000	25.40	2.54
1 1/2"	1.500	38.10	3.81
2"	2.000	50.80	5.08
2 1/2"	2.500	63.50	6.35
3"	3.000	76.20	7.62
4"	4.000	101.60	10.16
5"	5.000	127.00	12.70
6"	6.000	152.40	15.24

Inches to MM

Imperial to metric conversions for hardware sizing and fabrication.

hardwareengineering

Lumber SizesWorkshop preset

Nominal	Actual Size
1 x 2	3/4" x 1 1/2"
1 x 3	3/4" x 2 1/2"
1 x 4	3/4" x 3 1/2"
2 x 4	1 1/2" x 3 1/2"
2 x 6	1 1/2" x 5 1/2"
2 x 8	1 1/2" x 7 1/4"
4 x 4	3 1/2" x 3 1/2"
4/4	13/16"
8/4	1 3/4"
3/4" Ply	23/32"

Lumber Size Chart

Nominal vs actual lumber sizes for woodworking and construction planning.

woodworkingconstruction

Gallons → LitersVehicle preset

US gal	Liters	UK gal
0.50	1.89	0.42
1	3.79	0.83
2	7.57	1.67
5	18.93	4.16
10	37.85	8.33
15	56.78	12.49
20	75.71	16.65
25	94.64	20.82
50	189.27	41.63
100	378.54	83.27

Gallons to Liters

Convert US and UK gallons to liters for international standards, technical documentation, and global communication.

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Frequently Asked Questions

What is the density of water?

The density of fresh water is approximately 1000 kg/m³ (62.4 lb/ft³) at 4°C (39°F). Seawater is slightly denser, around 1025 kg/m³ (64 lb/ft³).

How do I convert kg/m³ to lb/ft³?

To convert density from kg/m³ to lb/ft³, multiply by 0.06243. For example, Steel (7850 kg/m³) * 0.06243 ≈ 490 lb/ft³.

Why does density vary for woods?

Wood is a natural material, and its density depends heavily on moisture content and growth conditions. The values in our chart are averages at 12% moisture content (air-dried).

What is the heaviest common metal?

Of common metals, Gold (19,320 kg/m³) and Tungsten (19,250 kg/m³) are among the densest. Lead (11,340 kg/m³) is also very dense but lighter than gold. Platinum (21,450 kg/m³) is even denser.

What is Specific Gravity?

Specific Gravity (SG) compares a substance's density to water. Since water is ~1 g/cm³, a material with a density of 2.7 g/cm³ (like Aluminum) has an SG of 2.7.

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