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Engineering Conversion Charts

For CAD, design, and precision measurement

Professional-grade conversion charts engineered for precision. Whether you're designing CAD models, creating technical drawings, or ensuring manufacturing tolerances β€” these charts deliver the accuracy your work demands.

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16 Engineering Charts
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Professional Grade Accuracy
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ISO/ANSI Certified

Try: "ISO tolerance", "metric thread", "precision conversion", "drill bit"

βœ“CAD/CAM Ready
βœ“Professional Engineering Standards
βœ“100% Free
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Essential Engineering Charts

The must-have reference charts every engineer and designer should have at their workstation. These provide the precision and standards compliance your work demands.

⭐ Essential
8 decimals
Inches β†’ MMWorkshop preset
Inches (fraction)Inches (decimal)MillimetersCentimeters
1/4"0.2506.350.64
1/2"0.50012.701.27
1"1.00025.402.54
1 1/2"1.50038.103.81
2"2.00050.805.08
2 1/2"2.50063.506.35
3"3.00076.207.62
4"4.000101.6010.16
5"5.000127.0012.70
6"6.000152.4015.24

Inches to MM

Imperial to metric conversions for hardware sizing and fabrication.

Why Essential: Reverse conversion of MM to Inches with matching 8 decimal precision. Critical for translating imperial specifications to metric manufacturing.

πŸ“‹ ISO
Customize & Download Free
⭐ Essential
8 decimals
MM β†’ InchesPro template
MillimetersDecimal (in)Fraction (in)
0.50.0200
10.0391/16
6.350.2501/4
12.70.5001/2
190.7483/4
25.41.0001
38.11.5001 1/2
50.82.0002
76.23.0003
101.64.0004

MM to Inches Chart

Convert millimeters to inches with decimals and fractions for woodworking and engineering.

Why Essential: Ultra-high precision conversion with 8 decimal places accuracy. Essential for CAD/CAM work, precision machining, and quality control. Standard conversion charts round to 2-4 decimals, which introduces unacceptable error in precision engineering.

πŸ“‹ ISO
Customize & Download Free

All Engineering Conversion Charts (16)

Complete collection of precision measurement and technical specification charts

πŸ”§Technical Specifications

10 charts
Drill Bit SizesWorkshop chart
NumberFractionDecimal (in)Millimeters
#80β€”0.01350.34
#50β€”0.07001.78
#521/16"0.06251.59
#413/32"0.09382.38
#225/32"0.15623.97
#113/16"0.18754.76
#713/64"0.20315.16
β€”β€”0.25706.53
β€”3/8"0.37509.53
β€”1/2"0.500012.70

Drill Bit Sizes

Numbered, lettered, metric, and fractional drill bit reference.

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Coming Soon

Area Conversion Chart

Square inches, feet, yards, meters, and acres for planning and surveying.

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Coming Soon

Bolt & Screw Sizes

Metric and imperial bolt, screw, and thread pitch reference.

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Coming Soon

Material Density Chart

Common material densities for metals, woods, and plastics.

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Coming Soon

Pipe Size Chart

Pipe nominal sizes, schedules, and diameter references for plumbing and engineering.

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Coming Soon

PSI to Bar

Pressure conversion chart for compressors, tires, and hydraulics.

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Coming Soon

Screw Size Chart

Common screw sizes, thread types, and reference measurements for projects.

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Coming Soon

Tire Size Chart

Decode tire size markings and compare common sizes for vehicles.

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Coming Soon

Wire Gauge Chart

AWG to metric diameters and ampacity guide for wiring projects.

πŸ“‹ AWG/SWG

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Coming Soon

Wrench Size Chart

Wrench sizes for common bolt heads with metric and imperial references.

Engineering Conversion Guide

Engineering work demands precision that goes far beyond everyday measurements. This comprehensive guide explains the standards, tolerances, and conversion practices that ensure your designs translate accurately from CAD to manufacturing.

🎯Understanding Precision in Engineering

In engineering, precision isn't just about accuracy β€” it's about consistency, repeatability, and meeting specified tolerances. The level of precision required depends on the application, but understanding when to use each level is critical.

Precision Levels by Application:

General Engineering (Β±0.1mm / Β±0.005")

Typical uses: Structural components, general machinery, non-critical parts
Decimal places: 1-2 decimals (0.1mm, 0.01")
Conversion tools: Standard conversion charts adequate

Precision Engineering (Β±0.01mm / Β±0.0005")

Typical uses: Bearings, shafts, precision assemblies
Decimal places: 2-4 decimals (0.01mm, 0.0001")
Conversion tools: Precision charts with 4+ decimals required

Ultra-Precision (Β±0.001mm / Β±0.00005")

Typical uses: Optical components, measuring instruments, aerospace
Decimal places: 4-8 decimals (0.001mm, 0.00001")
Conversion tools: Ultra-precision charts (8 decimals) essential

Why 8 Decimal Places? The standard conversion factor 1" = 25.4mm is exact by definition. However, rounding at 2-4 decimals introduces cumulative errors. For a 1000mm part, 4-decimal rounding can introduce 0.01mm error β€” unacceptable in precision work. Our 8-decimal charts eliminate this error source entirely.

πŸ“‹ISO and ANSI Standards Explained

ISO (International Organization for Standardization) and ANSI (American National Standards Institute) are the two dominant engineering standards bodies. Understanding their differences prevents costly specification errors.

Key Standard Differences:

AspectISOANSI
UnitsMetric (mm, kg)Imperial (in, lb)
ThreadsISO 68-1 (metric pitch)ANSI B1.1 (UNC/UNF)
TolerancesISO 2768 (f, m, c, v)ANSI Y14.5 (GD&T)
Surface finishRa (ΞΌm)Ra (ΞΌin)

In Practice: Many companies maintain dual-standard part libraries. A design might use ISO metric threads but ANSI GD&T notation. Always clearly specify which standard governs each aspect of your design.

πŸ”§Tolerance and Fit Systems

Tolerances define acceptable variation from nominal dimensions. Understanding tolerance classes and fit systems is essential for designing parts that assemble correctly and function as intended.

ISO 2768 Tolerance Classes:

Fine (f) β€” Precision Work

Tightest standard tolerance. Example: 0-3mm dimension = Β±0.05mm
Use: Precision assemblies, close-fitting parts, optical equipment

Medium (m) β€” General Engineering

Most common default. Example: 0-3mm dimension = Β±0.1mm
Use: General mechanical parts, standard assemblies, everyday products

Coarse (c) β€” Non-Critical Parts

Relaxed tolerance. Example: 0-3mm dimension = Β±0.2mm
Use: Rough machining, castings, non-critical components

Very Coarse (v) β€” Rough Work

Loosest tolerance. Example: 0-3mm dimension = Β±0.5mm
Use: Rough castings, welded structures, non-precision work

πŸ’»CAD/CAM Conversion Best Practices

CAD software handles conversions internally, but understanding best practices prevents errors when exporting to manufacturing, collaborating internationally, or maintaining legacy designs.

1. Set Master Units at Project Start

Choose metric or imperial as your master units before modeling. Switching mid-project can introduce rounding errors in constraints and dimensions. Document your choice in project specifications.

2. Use Exact Conversion Values

CAD software stores dimensions with high precision, but displays may round. When manually converting (e.g., importing DXF files), use exact values: 25.4mm per inch, not approximate values.

3. Verify Tolerance Stack-Up

When converting assemblies, verify that tolerance stack-ups remain valid. A chain of Β±0.1mm tolerances may convert differently when looking at cumulative effects.

4. Standardize on One System per Drawing

Never mix metric and imperial dimensions on a single drawing. If you must show both (rare), clearly designate primary and secondary units.

5. Use Standard Stock Sizes

When converting designs, adapt to available stock materials. A 25.4mm shaft (converted from 1") may not be available β€” use 25mm (metric standard size) instead and adjust tolerances accordingly.

How to Use Engineering Charts

In CAD/CAM Software

  • β€’ Reference During Design: Keep conversion charts visible in a second monitor while modeling. Quick reference prevents design errors from unit confusion.
  • β€’ Verify Specifications: When setting dimensions, cross-check against our precision charts to ensure maximum accuracy.
  • β€’ Thread & Fastener Selection: Use our metric/unified thread charts when specifying fasteners in your CAD models.
  • β€’ Tolerance Specification: Reference ISO 2768 tolerance chart when applying general tolerances to drawings.
  • β€’ Export Verification: When exporting designs to different units or formats, verify conversions against our charts.

For Technical Drawings

  • β€’ Dimension Verification: Verify all dimensions are clearly specified in one unit system. Use our conversion charts for reference if needed.
  • β€’ Standard Notation: Reference appropriate standards (ISO 2768, ANSI Y14.5) and document them on drawings.
  • β€’ International Distribution: When distributing drawings internationally, ensure both metric and imperial dimensions (if required) are clearly marked and verified against our charts.
  • β€’ Surface Finish Specification: Use our surface finish chart (Ra/Rz) when specifying manufacturing requirements.
  • β€’ Thread Specifications: Reference our metric/unified thread charts when calling out specific fasteners.

In Manufacturing

  • β€’ Machine Setup: Use precision conversion charts when setting up CNC machines, mills, and lathes for metric or imperial work.
  • β€’ Tap Drill Verification: Reference metric or unified thread chart to select correct tap drill sizes for threading operations.
  • β€’ Tolerance Control: Reference ISO 2768 and tolerance fit charts during quality control and dimensional inspection.
  • β€’ Hardness Verification: Use hardness conversion chart for material qualification and heat treat verification.
  • β€’ Surface Finish Checking: Reference surface finish chart when measuring roughness and specifying grinding/polishing parameters.

Quality Control Applications

  • β€’ Dimensional Verification: Use precision conversion charts to verify measurements are within tolerance, especially when working across unit systems.
  • β€’ Tolerance Stack Analysis: Reference tolerance charts when analyzing tolerance stack-up and capability studies.
  • β€’ Material Specification: Use hardness conversion chart to verify material meets specification requirements.
  • β€’ Inspection Planning: Reference precision measurement charts when planning sampling sizes and measurement precision for quality audits.
  • β€’ Laminated Reference: Laminate critical charts and mount at inspection stations for quick reference during dimensional checks.
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Complete Engineering Reference Bundle

Download all engineering conversion charts at once! Perfect for engineers, architects, designers, and machinists. Print, laminate, and reference for years.

What's Included:

  • βœ“ Precision Measurement Charts
  • βœ“ Technical Specifications & Standards
  • βœ“ Thread Charts (Metric & ANSI)
  • βœ“ Tolerance Charts (ISO 2768)
  • βœ“ Temperature & Material Charts
  • βœ“ High-resolution PDFs
  • βœ“ Multiple sizes and layouts
  • βœ“ 100% FREE - No registration needed

In the meantime, download individual charts to get started

Engineering Charts FAQ